Dublin Core
Title
Natural Product from the Deep Sea
Subject
Marine, Sea, Science, Drugs
Description
Many scientists have tried to isolate novel and active compounds mainly from micro-organisms,
including bacteria, Streptomyces, fungi, plants, and ordinary marine organisms since the middle of
the 20th century. However, after the long history of screening, it is becoming difficult to find novel
compounds anywhere in the world.
Until now, more than 28,600 marine natural products have been reported. However, with the
development of marine natural products research, the hit rate of new compounds is also decreasing.
Scientists are turning their attention to the deep sea. By 2008, almost 400 compounds were isolated
from deep-sea organisms. By 2013, a further 188 new deep-sea natural products were reported. About
75% of the deep-sea-origin compounds were reported to show biological activity (i.e., 141 of 188
compounds), with almost half (i.e., 81 of 188 compounds) exhibiting potent cytotoxicity in human
cancer cell lines [1].
In addition to the micro-organisms, there are also sponges and corals in the deep sea. An
investigation of the extracts of 65 twilight-zone (50–1000 m depth) sponges, gorgonians, hard corals,
and sponge-associated bacteria resulted in an extremely high hit rate (42%) of active extracts, with a
hit rate for sponge and gorgonian extracts of 72% [2,3].
Therefore, deep-sea organisms are important sources of natural products, especially for
screening pharmacologically active compounds. In this Special Issue, I tried to bring together articles
on the screening of new bioactive metabolites produced by deep-sea organisms.
This issue includes seven original articles and one review article. Li, Zhang et al. isolated
unusual thioester-containing benzoate derivatives from deep-sea derived fungus. One of them
showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (Chapter 1). Li, Wang et al. isolated new and reported
harziane-type diterpene derivatives from the deep-sea sediment-derived fungus. One of them
inhibited LPS-induced NO formation in macrophage-like cells (Chapter 2). Crustins are characterized
by the existence of an acidic protein domain, and they often show anti-bacterial activity.
Guo et al. found two new crustins from hydrothermal vent shrimps, and one of them inhibited
antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (Chapter 3). Wang and Zhu isolated new polyene
macrolactams from deep-sea sediment-derived Streptomyces. They showed antifungal activity
against Candida albicans (Chapter 4). Lu et al. isolated new 2-benzoyl tetrahydrofuran enantiomers,
1S-myrothecol and 1R-myrothecol, from cultures of the deep-sea fungus. These new compounds
showed cellular anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities (Chapter 5). Abdel-Mageed et al.
isolated n-acetylglutaminyl glutamine amide and desferrioxamine B from a Micromonospora
strain collected from deep-sea of Mariana Trench (Chapter 6). Khushi et al. isolated a new
tryptophan-derived alkaloid thorectandrin A from a sponge Thorectandra choanoides collected at
a depth of 45 m (Chapter 7). Finally, disease-related cellular signal transductions and their inhibitors
from the deep sea were reviewed (Chapter 8).
including bacteria, Streptomyces, fungi, plants, and ordinary marine organisms since the middle of
the 20th century. However, after the long history of screening, it is becoming difficult to find novel
compounds anywhere in the world.
Until now, more than 28,600 marine natural products have been reported. However, with the
development of marine natural products research, the hit rate of new compounds is also decreasing.
Scientists are turning their attention to the deep sea. By 2008, almost 400 compounds were isolated
from deep-sea organisms. By 2013, a further 188 new deep-sea natural products were reported. About
75% of the deep-sea-origin compounds were reported to show biological activity (i.e., 141 of 188
compounds), with almost half (i.e., 81 of 188 compounds) exhibiting potent cytotoxicity in human
cancer cell lines [1].
In addition to the micro-organisms, there are also sponges and corals in the deep sea. An
investigation of the extracts of 65 twilight-zone (50–1000 m depth) sponges, gorgonians, hard corals,
and sponge-associated bacteria resulted in an extremely high hit rate (42%) of active extracts, with a
hit rate for sponge and gorgonian extracts of 72% [2,3].
Therefore, deep-sea organisms are important sources of natural products, especially for
screening pharmacologically active compounds. In this Special Issue, I tried to bring together articles
on the screening of new bioactive metabolites produced by deep-sea organisms.
This issue includes seven original articles and one review article. Li, Zhang et al. isolated
unusual thioester-containing benzoate derivatives from deep-sea derived fungus. One of them
showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (Chapter 1). Li, Wang et al. isolated new and reported
harziane-type diterpene derivatives from the deep-sea sediment-derived fungus. One of them
inhibited LPS-induced NO formation in macrophage-like cells (Chapter 2). Crustins are characterized
by the existence of an acidic protein domain, and they often show anti-bacterial activity.
Guo et al. found two new crustins from hydrothermal vent shrimps, and one of them inhibited
antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (Chapter 3). Wang and Zhu isolated new polyene
macrolactams from deep-sea sediment-derived Streptomyces. They showed antifungal activity
against Candida albicans (Chapter 4). Lu et al. isolated new 2-benzoyl tetrahydrofuran enantiomers,
1S-myrothecol and 1R-myrothecol, from cultures of the deep-sea fungus. These new compounds
showed cellular anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities (Chapter 5). Abdel-Mageed et al.
isolated n-acetylglutaminyl glutamine amide and desferrioxamine B from a Micromonospora
strain collected from deep-sea of Mariana Trench (Chapter 6). Khushi et al. isolated a new
tryptophan-derived alkaloid thorectandrin A from a sponge Thorectandra choanoides collected at
a depth of 45 m (Chapter 7). Finally, disease-related cellular signal transductions and their inhibitors
from the deep sea were reviewed (Chapter 8).
Creator
Editor :
Kazuo Umezawa
Kazuo Umezawa
Source
https://www.mdpi.com/books
Publisher
MDPI
Date
2022
Contributor
Jadik Wijayanto
Rights
https://doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-0365-3684-2
Relation
https://www.mdpi.com/books/book/5300-natural-product-from-the-deep-sea
Format
PDF
Language
English
Type
Textbook
Identifier
ISBN 978-3-0365-3683-5 (Hbk)
ISBN 978-3-0365-3684-2 (PDF)
ISBN 978-3-0365-3684-2 (PDF)
Coverage
Switzerland