Dublin Core
Title
Energy and Water Cycles in the Third Pole
Subject
Tibetan Plateau; surface characteristic parameter; radiation fluxes; observation data;
land-atmosphere interaction, Water
land-atmosphere interaction, Water
Description
Analysis of long-term, ground-based observation data on the Tibetan Plateau help to
enhance our understanding of land-atmosphere interactions and their influence on weather and
climate in this region. In this paper, the daily, monthly, and annual averages of radiative fluxes, surface
albedo, surface temperature, and air temperature were calculated for the period of 2006 to 2019 at
six research stations on the Tibetan Plateau. The surface energy balance characteristics of these
six stations, which include alpine meadow, alpine desert, and alpine steppe, were then compared.
The downward shortwave radiation at stations BJ, QOMS, and NAMORS was found to decrease
during the study period, due to increasing cloudiness. Meanwhile, the upward shortwave radiation
and surface albedo at all stations were found to have decreased overall. Downward longwave
radiation, upward longwave radiation, net radiation, surface temperature, and air temperature
showed increasing trends on inter-annual time scales at most stations. Downward shortwave
radiation was maximum in spring at BJ, QOMS, NADORS, and NAMORS, due to the influence
of the summer monsoon. Upward shortwave radiation peaked in October and November due to
the greater snow cover. BJ, QOMS, NADORS, and NAMORS showed strong sensible heat fluxes
in the spring while MAWORS showed strong sensible heat fluxes in the summer. The monthly
and diurnal variations of surface albedo at each station were “U” shaped. The diurnal variability
of downward longwave radiation at each station was small, ranging from 220 to 295 W·m−2.The
diurnal variation in surface temperature at each station slightly lagged behind changes in downward
shortwave radiation, and the air temperature, in turn, slightly lagged behind the surface temperature.
enhance our understanding of land-atmosphere interactions and their influence on weather and
climate in this region. In this paper, the daily, monthly, and annual averages of radiative fluxes, surface
albedo, surface temperature, and air temperature were calculated for the period of 2006 to 2019 at
six research stations on the Tibetan Plateau. The surface energy balance characteristics of these
six stations, which include alpine meadow, alpine desert, and alpine steppe, were then compared.
The downward shortwave radiation at stations BJ, QOMS, and NAMORS was found to decrease
during the study period, due to increasing cloudiness. Meanwhile, the upward shortwave radiation
and surface albedo at all stations were found to have decreased overall. Downward longwave
radiation, upward longwave radiation, net radiation, surface temperature, and air temperature
showed increasing trends on inter-annual time scales at most stations. Downward shortwave
radiation was maximum in spring at BJ, QOMS, NADORS, and NAMORS, due to the influence
of the summer monsoon. Upward shortwave radiation peaked in October and November due to
the greater snow cover. BJ, QOMS, NADORS, and NAMORS showed strong sensible heat fluxes
in the spring while MAWORS showed strong sensible heat fluxes in the summer. The monthly
and diurnal variations of surface albedo at each station were “U” shaped. The diurnal variability
of downward longwave radiation at each station was small, ranging from 220 to 295 W·m−2.The
diurnal variation in surface temperature at each station slightly lagged behind changes in downward
shortwave radiation, and the air temperature, in turn, slightly lagged behind the surface temperature.
Creator
Editors
Yaoming Ma
Zhongbo Su
Lei Zhong
Yaoming Ma
Zhongbo Su
Lei Zhong
Source
https://www.mdpi.com/books/book/5407-energy-and-water-cycles-in-the-third-pole
Publisher
MDPI
Date
2022
Contributor
Jadik Wijayanto
Rights
The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons
license CC BY-NC-ND.
license CC BY-NC-ND.
Relation
https://www.mdpi.com/books
Format
PDF
Language
English
Type
Textbooks
Identifier
ISBN 978-3-0365-3928-7 (Hbk)
ISBN 978-3-0365-3927-0 (PDF)
ISBN 978-3-0365-3927-0 (PDF)
Coverage
St. Alban-Anlage 66
4052 Basel, Switzerland
4052 Basel, Switzerland